Ross Island, now known as Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Island, is a small but historically significant island situated just a few kilometers off the coast of Port Blair in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It holds a prominent place in India's colonial history, having served as the administrative headquarters of the British in the Andaman Islands from 1858 until an earthquake in 1941 forced the British to relocate their operations to nearby Port Blair. Today, Ross Island stands as a fascinating relic of the British colonial era, with its ruins offering a glimpse into a once-thriving administrative hub.

Historical Significance

Ross Island was established by the British after the First War of Independence (or the Indian Rebellion of 1857) to strengthen their control over the region and to manage the vast number of political prisoners sent to the infamous Cellular Jail in Port Blair. The island was named after British marine surveyor Sir Daniel Ross and soon became a symbol of British dominance in the Andaman Islands. For nearly a century, it functioned as the epicenter of colonial authority in the region, housing the chief commissioner and other high-ranking officials who managed the penal colony.

During its heyday, Ross Island was often referred to as the "Paris of the East" due to its lush gardens, colonial-style bungalows, and opulent lifestyle. The island had all the comforts of a British town, including a church, hospital, ballroom, bakery, and even a printing press. These facilities were built to ensure that the British officials and their families enjoyed a comfortable and luxurious lifestyle, far removed from the harsh realities faced by the prisoners at the nearby Cellular Jail. The contrast between the wealth and grandeur of Ross Island and the suffering of the prisoners at Kala Pani was striking.

Japanese Occupation and Decline

Ross Island’s dominance came to an abrupt halt during World War II when the Japanese invaded the Andaman Islands in 1942. The British abandoned the island, and the Japanese took over, using it as a strategic base. The Japanese occupation brought significant changes to the island, including the construction of bunkers and military installations, some of which can still be seen today. They also inflicted brutal treatment upon the local inhabitants and used the island to house their military personnel. The island remained under Japanese control until 1945 when the British regained authority following Japan's surrender in World War II.

After the war, Ross Island lost its strategic importance, and the British did not restore it to its former glory. Instead, the island slowly began to decline, and nature started to reclaim the once-thriving settlement. Many of the colonial buildings fell into disrepair, and today they stand as evocative ruins covered by dense tropical vegetation.

Present-Day Attractions

Today, Ross Island is a popular tourist destination, drawing visitors with its hauntingly beautiful ruins and historical significance. The island is dotted with remnants of colonial structures, such as the Commissioner’s Bungalow, British-era church, and officers’ quarters, which are now overrun by fig and banyan trees, creating an eerie but fascinating sight. Walking through the ruins feels like stepping back in time, as the trees have intertwined with the remains of the buildings, forming natural sculptures that speak of the island's past grandeur.

The island is also home to a small museum managed by the Indian Navy, which showcases photographs and artifacts from the British period, giving visitors insight into the island’s history and its role in the colonial administration. Visitors can also explore the old Japanese bunkers and observe the wildlife that has since flourished on the island, including deer, peacocks, and other bird species.

Renaming to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Island

In 2018, Ross Island was officially renamed Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Island in honor of the Indian freedom fighter who had visited the Andaman and Nicobar Islands during the brief period of Japanese occupation. Subhas Chandra Bose had declared these islands free from British rule and hoisted the Indian national flag there. This renaming was part of a larger initiative to celebrate India's independence movement and to recognize the contributions of its freedom fighters.

Scenic Beauty and Serenity

Aside from its historical value, Ross Island is also known for its natural beauty. The island offers stunning views of the surrounding Bay of Bengal, with clear blue waters and sandy beaches. The island is covered in lush greenery, and its tranquil atmosphere makes it a peaceful retreat from the busier parts of the Andaman Islands. Visitors can take a leisurely stroll along the pathways lined with towering trees, or relax on the shore, enjoying the serenity of the island.

Accessibility

Ross Island is easily accessible by a short ferry ride from the Aberdeen Jetty in Port Blair. The ride itself is scenic, offering picturesque views of the island and the surrounding waters. Once on the island, visitors can explore on foot, as it is relatively small and takes just a few hours to cover all the major attractions. The island's historical ruins, combined with its natural beauty, make it a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

In conclusion, Ross Island is a fascinating blend of history and nature. Its colonial past, marked by both British opulence and Japanese occupation, is preserved in the ruins that dot the landscape. Now known as Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Island, it stands as a tribute to India's struggle for independence, while also offering visitors a peaceful escape into the island’s scenic beauty.